Techniques for providing and/or applying quality of service in wireless communications

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure describe indicating per-packet quality of service (QoS) in communications by a wireless communications device. A packet from an application generated for a first radio access technology (RAT) can be obtained, where the packet includes a first QoS value associated with the first RAT, and/or the first QoS value can be mapped to a second QoS value associated with the second RAT. In another example, the QoS value can be indicated in the packet along with a reflective indicator indicating to use the QoS value in transmitting a response to the packet.

The present application for patent is a continuation application ofapplication Ser. No. 16/248,491, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR PROVIDINGAND/OR APPLYING QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS” filedJan. 15, 2019, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application No.62/619,546, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR PROVIDING AND/OR APPLYING QUALITYOF SERVICE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS” filed Jan. 19, 2018, which areassigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated byreference herein for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wirelesscommunication systems, and more particularly, to quality of service(QoS) in wireless communications.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-accesssystems capable of supporting communication with multiple users bysharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, andpower). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-divisionmultiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA)systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, andorthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, andsingle-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. For example, a fifth generation (5G)wireless communications technology (which can be referred to as 5G newradio (5G NR)) is envisaged to expand and support diverse usagescenarios and applications with respect to current mobile networkgenerations. In an aspect, 5G communications technology can include:enhanced mobile broadband addressing human-centric use cases for accessto multimedia content, services and data; ultra-reliable-low latencycommunications (URLLC) with certain specifications for latency andreliability; and massive machine type communications, which can allow avery large number of connected devices and transmission of a relativelylow volume of non-delay-sensitive information. As the demand for mobilebroadband access continues to increase, however, further improvements in5G communications technology and beyond may be desired.

In some configurations, 5G NR technologies can provide support forcommunications device-to-device (D2D) communications, such asvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P)communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, etc.,which can be collectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X)communications. Current mechanisms for providing QoS in V2X (e.g., asdefined for long term evolution (LTE)), however, may not be sufficientfor 5G NR due to increased requirements for reliability, error rate,delay, etc. in 5G NR.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to an example, a method for indicating per-packet quality ofservice (QoS) in communications by a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deviceis provided. The method includes obtaining a packet from an applicationgenerated for a first radio access technology (RAT), where the packetincludes a first QoS value associated with the first RAT, determining totransmit the packet using a second RAT, mapping, based on determining totransmit the packet using the second RAT, the first QoS value to asecond QoS value associated with the second RAT, indicating the secondQoS value in the packet, and transmitting, using the second RAT, thepacket with the second QoS value to one or more devices.

In another example, a method for indicating per-packet QoS incommunications transmitted by a V2X device is provided. The methodincludes obtaining a first packet from an application generated for aRAT, where the packet includes a QoS value associated with the RAT,setting a reflective indicator in a header of the first packet toindicate a configuration, including a QoS value, to be used by thereceiving device in transmitting a second packet, and transmitting thefirst packet to the receiving device.

In another example, a method for determining per-packet QoS incommunications received by a wireless communications device is provided.The method includes receiving, by the wireless communications device andfrom a transmitting device, a first packet generated for a RAT, wherethe first packet includes a QoS value associated with the RAT, detectinga reflective indicator in a header of the first packet to indicate aconfiguration, including a QoS value, to be used in transmitting asecond packet, and transmitting, by the wireless communications deviceand based on detecting the reflective indicator and according to the QoSvalue, the second packet to the transmitting device.

In another example, an apparatus for communicating in wirelesscommunications is provided. The apparatus includes a transceiver forcommunicating one or more wireless signals via at least a transmitterand one or more antennas, a memory configured to store instructions, andone or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver andthe memory. The one or more processors are configured to obtain a packetfrom an application generated for a RAT, where the packet includes afirst QoS value associated with the first RAT and where the packet isintended for one or more other devices, determine to transmit the packetto the one or more other devices using a second RAT, map, based ondetermining to transmit the packet using the second RAT, the first QoSvalue to a second QoS value associated with the second RAT, indicate thesecond QoS value in the packet, and transmit, using the second RAT, thepacket with the second QoS value to the one or more other devices.

In another example, an apparatus for communicating in wirelesscommunications, is provided. The apparatus includes a transceiver forcommunicating one or more wireless signals via at least a transmitterand one or more antennas, a memory configured to store instructions, andone or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver andthe memory. The one or more processors are configured to obtain a firstpacket from an application generated for a RAT, where the first packetincludes a QoS value associated with the RAT, set a reflective indicatorin a header of the first packet to indicate a configuration, including aQoS value, to be used by a receiving device in transmitting a secondpacket, and transmit the first packet to the receiving device

In a further aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is providedthat includes a transceiver, a memory configured to store instructions,and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiverand the memory. The one or more processors are configured to execute theinstructions to perform the operations of methods described herein. Inanother aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided thatincludes means for performing the operations of methods describedherein. In yet another aspect, a computer-readable medium is providedincluding code executable by one or more processors to perform theoperations of methods described herein.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction withthe appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit thedisclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, andin which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a transmitting UE,in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a receiving UE, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method fortransmitting broadcast communications with quality-of-service (QoS), inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method fortransmitting unicast or multicast communications with QoS, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for receivingunicast or multicast communications with QoS, in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a protocol stack for transmittingbroadcast communications with QoS, in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a protocol stack fortransmitting/receiving unicast or multicast communications with QoS, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a MIMOcommunication system including a base station and a UE, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In thefollowing description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofone or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) maybe practiced without these specific details.

The described features generally relate to adapting quality-of-service(QoS) in device-to-device (D2D) communications of one wirelesscommunication technology to fulfill specifications or requirements inanother wireless communication technology. For example, D2Dcommunications in a legacy wireless communication technology, such asthird generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE)can be adapted to fulfill specifications or requirements in a lowlatency wireless communication technologies, such as fifth generation(5G) new radio (NR) technologies, which may include enhanced mobilebroadband, ultra-reliable-low latency communications (URLLC), etc.Certain types of D2D communications may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)communications, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications,vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, etc., which can becollectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.In LTE, QoS defined for V2X is based on D2D pro se per packet priority(PPPP), e.g., as defined in 3GPP technical specification (TS) 23.303. InD2D PPPP, per packet priority is indicated by the application layer andhas 8 possible values, which may be insufficient to effectively indicateQoS for NR technologies such to achieve reliability/error rate, delay,or similar metrics in the NR technologies.

Accordingly, for example, QoS for V2X can be extended in NR technologiesto support additional QoS values per packet. In one example, a devicebroadcasting over multiple carriers (e.g., to support NR and legacytechnologies, such as LTE) can broadcast a given packet over themultiple carriers by mapping, e.g., at a non-access stratum (NAS) layer,a QoS value defined by an application for one technology (e.g., NR orLTE) to another technology (e.g., LTE or NR) for transmission over themultiple carriers. This can ensure backward compatibility for devicesreceiving the QoS values.

For unicast and/or multicast communications where a virtual link canexist between devices, different QoS can apply for different linksbetween the devices and/or other devices. In addition, devices may havedifferent capabilities, which can result in the different QoSs to beapplied. Accordingly, for example, a reflective QoS mechanism can beadopted where a transmitting device can instruct a receiving device forapplying certain QoS on outgoing traffic. Thus, the transmitting devicecan indicate, to the receiving device, whether to derive and/or apply areflective configuration for QoS, meaning that the receiving deviceshould utilize the QoS used by the transmitting device, for sendingresponse traffic back to the transmitting device.

The described features will be presented in more detail below withreference to FIGS. 1-10.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system”and the like are intended to include a computer-related entity, such asbut not limited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. For example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program,and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application runningon a computing device and the computing device can be a component. Oneor more components can reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component can be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components can communicate by way oflocal and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal havingone or more data packets, such as data from one component interactingwith another component in a local system, distributed system, and/oracross a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of thesignal.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, andother systems. The terms “system” and “network” may often be usedinterchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such asCDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases 0 and Aare commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×, 1×, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) iscommonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×EV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD),etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. ATDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System forMobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radiotechnology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA),IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM™, etc.UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are newreleases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, andGSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rdGeneration Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are describedin documents from an organization named “3rd Generation PartnershipProject 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for thesystems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systemsand radio technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communicationsover a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The description below,however, describes an LTE/LTE-A system for purposes of example, and LTEterminology is used in much of the description below, although thetechniques are applicable beyond LTE/LTE-A applications (e.g., to 5Gnetworks or other next generation communication systems).

The following description provides examples, and is not limiting of thescope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes maybe made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit,substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. Forinstance, the methods described may be performed in an order differentfrom that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, orcombined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may becombined in other examples.

Various aspects or features will be presented in terms of systems thatcan include a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. Itis to be understood and appreciated that the various systems can includeadditional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include allof the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection withthe figures. A combination of these approaches can also be used.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wirelesscommunication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, oneor more UEs 115, and a core network 130. The core network 130 mayprovide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, internetprotocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobilityfunctions. The base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130through backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1, etc.). The base stations 105 mayperform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with theUEs 115, or may operate under the control of a base station controller(not shown). In various examples, the base stations 105 may communicate,either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network 130), with oneanother over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2, etc.), which may be wired orwireless communication links.

The base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 115 viaone or more base station antennas. Each of the base stations 105 mayprovide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area110. In some examples, base stations 105 may be referred to as a networkentity, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an accesspoint, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), Home NodeB, a HomeeNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors making up only aportion of the coverage area (not shown). The wireless communicationsystem 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macroor small cell base stations). There may be overlapping geographiccoverage areas 110 for different technologies.

In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be orinclude a Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. Thewireless communication system 100 may also be a next generation network,such as a 5G wireless communication network. In LTE/LTE-A networks, theterm evolved node B (eNB), gNB, etc. may be generally used to describethe base stations 105, while the term UE may be generally used todescribe the UEs 115. The wireless communication system 100 may be aheterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different types of eNBs providecoverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB or basestation 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a smallcell, or other types of cell. The term “cell” is a 3GPP term that can beused to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrierassociated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.)of a carrier or base station, depending on context.

A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., severalkilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 withservice subscriptions with the network provider.

A small cell may include a lower-powered base station, as compared witha macro cell, that may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed,unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells mayinclude pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to variousexamples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographic areaand may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptionswith the network provider. A femto cell may also cover a smallgeographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs115 having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closedsubscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 for users in the home, and the like). AneNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB, gNB, etc. An eNBfor a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, afemto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two,three, four, and the like) cells (e.g., component carriers).

The communication networks that may accommodate some of the variousdisclosed examples may be packet-based networks that operate accordingto a layered protocol stack and data in the user plane may be based onthe IP. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer can provideheader compression, ciphering, integrity protection, etc. of IP packets.A radio link control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation andreassembly to communicate over logical channels. A media access control(MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logicalchannels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use HARQ toprovide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. Inthe control plane, the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer mayprovide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRCconnection between a UE 115 and the base stations 105. The RRC protocollayer may also be used for core network 130 support of radio bearers forthe user plane data. At the physical (PHY) layer, the transport channelsmay be mapped to physical channels.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communicationsystem 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 mayalso include or be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobilestation, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, awireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, awireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriberstation, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, aremote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, orsome other suitable terminology. A UE 115 may be a cellular phone, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wirelesscommunication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptopcomputer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, anentertainment device, a vehicular component, or the like. A UE may beable to communicate with various types of base stations and networkequipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations,and the like.

The communication links 125 shown in wireless communication system 100may carry UL transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, ordownlink (DL) transmissions, from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Thedownlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissionswhile the uplink transmissions may also be called reverse linktransmissions. Each communication link 125 may include one or morecarriers, where each carrier may be a signal made up of multiplesub-carriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies) modulatedaccording to the various radio technologies described above. Eachmodulated signal may be sent on a different sub-carrier and may carrycontrol information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.),overhead information, user data, etc. The communication links 125 maytransmit bidirectional communications using frequency division duplex(FDD) (e.g., using paired spectrum resources) or time division duplex(TDD) operation (e.g., using unpaired spectrum resources). Framestructures may be defined for FDD (e.g., frame structure type 1) and TDD(e.g., frame structure type 2).

In aspects of the wireless communication system 100, base stations 105or UEs 115 may include multiple antennas for employing antenna diversityschemes to improve communication quality and reliability between basestations 105 and UEs 115. Additionally or alternatively, base stations105 or UEs 115 may employ multiple input multiple output (MIMO)techniques that may take advantage of multi-path environments totransmit multiple spatial layers carrying the same or different codeddata.

Wireless communication system 100 may support operation on multiplecells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrieraggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also bereferred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. Theterms “carrier,” “component carrier,” “cell,” and “channel” may be usedinterchangeably herein. A UE 115 may be configured with multipledownlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrieraggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

In aspects of the wireless communication system 100, UEs 115 may becapable of D2D communications, such as V2V, V2P, V2I, or collectivelyV2X. Thus, for example, UEs 115 may be devices integrated in and/orcapable of communicating from a vehicle to/with another device in avehicle, on a pedestrian, etc. In a specific example, a UE 115-a cancommunicate with another UE 115-b over a D2D communication link 126,also referred to as a sidelink. In one example, at least one of the UEs115-a, 115-b can be a V2X device that can communicate over the D2Dcommunication link 126 using a D2D or V2X technology. UEs 115-a and/or115-b can communicate over the D2D communication link 126 based on afirst RAT, such as 5G NR, and/or a second RAT, such as LTE. In oneexample, UE 115-a can broadcast communications over the D2Dcommunication link 126 for receiving by one or more UEs 115-b. In anycase, UE 115-a can include a QoS component 340 for providing QoS fortraffic transmitted in broadcast, or in unicast or multicast at least toUE 115-b. UE 115-b may optionally include a reflective QoS component 440for adapting a reflective QoS mechanism for providing QoS for responsetraffic to the UE 115-a. In yet another example, UE 115-a can alsocommunicate with a base station 105, where the base station 105 mayinclude a QoS configuring component 240 for configuring one or more QoSparameters for the UE 115-a for providing the QoS and/or reflective QoSconfiguration in communicating with the UE 115-b.

Turning now to FIGS. 2-10, aspects are depicted with reference to one ormore components and one or more methods that may perform the actions oroperations described herein, where aspects in dashed line may beoptional. Although the operations described below in FIGS. 5-7 arepresented in a particular order and/or as being performed by an examplecomponent, it should be understood that the ordering of the actions andthe components performing the actions may be varied, depending on theimplementation. Moreover, it should be understood that the followingactions, functions, and/or described components may be performed by aspecially-programmed processor, a processor executingspecially-programmed software or computer-readable media, or by anyother combination of a hardware component and/or a software componentcapable of performing the described actions or functions.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram 200 is shown that includes aportion of a wireless communications system having multiple UEs 115-a,115-b, one or more of which can be in communication with a base station105 via communication links 125, where the base station 105 is alsoconnected to a network 210. The UEs 115 may be examples of the UEsdescribed in the present disclosure that are configured to communicatewith one another over a D2D communication link 126, which can be adirect link that may not include base station 105, and/or provide QoSfor communications over the communication link 126. Moreover the basestation 105 may be an example of the base stations described in thepresent disclosure (e.g., eNB, gNB, other types of access points, etc.providing one or more macrocells, small cells, etc.) that may beconfigured to configure the one or more UEs 115-a, 115-b with QoSparameters for communicating with one another and/or for otherwiseaccessing network 210.

In an aspect, the base station in FIG. 2 may include one or moreprocessors 205 and/or memory 202 that may operate in combination with aQoS configuring component 240 to perform the functions, methods, etc.presented in the present disclosure. In accordance with the presentdisclosure, the QoS configuring component 240 may configure one or moreUEs, such as UE 115-a, with parameters for applying a QoS tocommunications with another UE, such as UE 115-b, over a D2Dcommunication link 126.

The one or more processors 205 may include a modem 220 that uses one ormore modem processors. The various functions related to the QoSconfiguring component 240, and/or its sub-components, may be included inmodem 220 and/or processor 205 and, in an aspect, can be executed by asingle processor, while in other aspects, different ones of thefunctions may be executed by a combination of two or more differentprocessors. For example, in an aspect, the one or more processors 205may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or abaseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmitprocessor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver 270,or a system-on-chip (SoC). In particular, the one or more processors 205may execute functions and components included in the QoS configuringcomponent 240. In another example, QoS configuring component 240 mayoperate at one or more communication layers, such as a physical layer(e.g., layer 1 (L1)), media access control (MAC) layer (e.g., layer 2(L2)), PDCP layer or RLC layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3)), etc., to provideconfiguration information to the one or more UEs, etc.

In some examples, the QoS configuring component 240 and each of thesub-components may comprise hardware, firmware, and/or software and maybe configured to execute code or perform instructions stored in a memory(e.g., a computer-readable storage medium, such as memory 202 discussedbelow). Moreover, in an aspect, the base station 105 in FIG. 2 mayinclude a radio frequency (RF) front end 290 and transceiver 270 forreceiving and transmitting radio transmissions to, for example, UEs 115.The transceiver 270 may coordinate with the modem 220 to receive signalsfor, or transmit signals generated by, the QoS configuring component 240to the UEs. RF front end 290 may be connected to one or more antennas273 and can include one or more switches 292, one or more amplifiers(e.g., power amplifiers (PAs) 294 and/or low-noise amplifiers 291), andone or more filters 293 for transmitting and receiving RF signals onuplink channels and downlink channels, transmitting and receivingsignals, etc. In an aspect, the components of the RF front end 290 canconnect with transceiver 270. The transceiver 270 may connect to one ormore of modem 220 and processors 205.

The transceiver 270 may be configured to transmit (e.g., via transmitter(TX) radio 275) and receive (e.g., via receiver (RX) radio 280) wirelesssignals through antennas 273 via the RF front end 290. In an aspect, thetransceiver 270 may be tuned to operate at specified frequencies suchthat the base station 105 can communicate with, for example, UEs 115. Inan aspect, for example, the modem 220 can configure the transceiver 270to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on theconfiguration of the base station 105 and communication protocol used bythe modem 220.

The base station 105 in FIG. 2 may further include a memory 202, such asfor storing data used herein and/or local versions of applications orQoS configuring component 240 and/or one or more of its sub-componentsbeing executed by processor 205. Memory 202 can include any type ofcomputer-readable medium usable by a computer or processor 205, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 202 may be acomputer-readable storage medium that stores one or morecomputer-executable codes defining QoS configuring component 240 and/orone or more of its sub-components. Additionally or alternatively, thebase station 105 may include a bus 211 for coupling one or more of theRF front end 290, the transceiver 274, the memory 202, or the processor205, and to exchange signaling information between each of thecomponents and/or sub-components of the base station 105.

In an aspect, the processor(s) 205 may correspond to one or more of theprocessors described in connection with the base station in FIG. 10.Similarly, the memory 202 may correspond to the memory described inconnection with the base station in FIG. 10.

Referring to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown that includes aportion of a wireless communications system having multiple UEs 115-a,115-b, one or more of which can be in communication with a base station105 via communication links 125, where the base station 105 is alsoconnected to a network 210. The UEs 115 may be examples of the UEsdescribed in the present disclosure that are configured to communicatewith one another over a D2D communication link 126, which can be adirect link that may not include base station 105, and/or provide QoSfor communications over the communication link 126. Moreover the basestation 105 may be an example of the base stations described in thepresent disclosure (e.g., eNB, gNB, other types of access points, etc.providing one or more macrocells, small cells, etc.) that may beconfigured to configure the one or more UEs 115-a, 115-b with QoSparameters for communicating with one another and/or for otherwiseaccessing network 210.

In an aspect, the UE 115-a in FIG. 3 may include one or more processors305 and/or memory 302 that may operate in combination with a QoScomponent 340 to perform the functions, methods (e.g., method 500, 600of FIGS. 5, 6), etc., presented in the present disclosure. In accordancewith the present disclosure, the QoS component 340 may include one ormore components for providing a QoS to communications between the UE115-a and another UE (e.g., UE 115-b), such as a QoS indicatingcomponent 342 for determining and/or indicating a QoS to be associatedwith communications (e.g., broadcast, unicast, or multicastcommunications), an optional QoS determining component 344 fordetermining a RAT for which the QoS is to be provided, and/or anoptional reflective QoS indicating component 346 for indicating whetherthe UE 115-b is to use the same QoS configuration in communicating withthe UE 115-a.

The one or more processors 305 may include a modem 320 that uses one ormore modem processors. The various functions related to the QoScomponent 340, and/or its sub-components, may be included in modem 320and/or processor 305 and, in an aspect, can be executed by a singleprocessor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions maybe executed by a combination of two or more different processors. Forexample, in an aspect, the one or more processors 305 may include anyone or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, ora digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a transceiverprocessor associated with transceiver 370, or a system-on-chip (SoC). Inparticular, the one or more processors 305 may execute functions andcomponents included in the QoS component 340. In another example, QoScomponent 340 may operate at one or more communication layers, such asphysical layer or L1, MAC layer or L2, a PDCP/RLC layer or L3, etc., todetermine and/or apply a QoS configuration to communications, indicate aQoS level and/or a reflective indicator, etc.

In some examples, the QoS component 340 and each of the sub-componentsmay comprise hardware, firmware, and/or software and may be configuredto execute code or perform instructions stored in a memory (e.g., acomputer-readable storage medium, such as memory 302 discussed below).Moreover, in an aspect, the UE 115-a in FIG. 3 may include an RF frontend 390 and transceiver 370 for receiving and transmitting radiotransmissions to, for example, UE 115-b and/or base stations 105. Thetransceiver 370 may coordinate with the modem 320 to receive signalsthat include packets (e.g., and/or one or more related PDUs). RF frontend 390 may be connected to one or more antennas 373 and can include oneor more switches 392, one or more amplifiers (e.g., PAs 394 and/or LNAs391), and one or more filters 393 for transmitting and receiving RFsignals on uplink channels and downlink channels. In an aspect, thecomponents of the RF front end 390 can connect with transceiver 370. Thetransceiver 370 may connect to one or more of modem 320 and processors305.

The transceiver 370 may be configured to transmit (e.g., via transmitter(TX) radio 375) and receive (e.g., via receiver (RX) radio 380) wirelesssignals through antennas 373 via the RF front end 390. In an aspect, thetransceiver 370 may be tuned to operate at specified frequencies suchthat the UE 115-a can communicate with, for example, another UE 115-band/or base stations 105. In an aspect, for example, the modem 320 canconfigure the transceiver 370 to operate at a specified frequency andpower level based on the configuration of the UE 115-a and communicationprotocol used by the modem 320.

The UE 115-a in FIG. 3 may further include a memory 302, such as forstoring data used herein and/or local versions of applications or QoScomponent 340 and/or one or more of its sub-components being executed byprocessor 305. Memory 302 can include any type of computer-readablemedium usable by a computer or processor 305, such as RAM, ROM, tapes,magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, andany combination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 302 may be acomputer-readable storage medium that stores one or morecomputer-executable codes defining QoS component 340 and/or one or moreof its sub-components. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115-a mayinclude a bus 311 for coupling one or more of the RF front end 390, thetransceiver 374, the memory 302, or the processor 305, and to exchangesignaling information between each of the components and/orsub-components of the UE 115-a.

In an aspect, the processor(s) 305 may correspond to one or more of theprocessors described in connection with the UE in FIG. 10. Similarly,the memory 302 may correspond to the memory described in connection withthe UE in FIG. 10.

Referring to FIG. 4, a block diagram 400 is shown that includes aportion of a wireless communications system having multiple UEs 115-a,115-b, one or more of which can be in communication with a base station105 via communication links 125, where the base station 105 is alsoconnected to a network 210. The UEs 115 may be examples of the UEsdescribed in the present disclosure that are configured to communicatewith one another over a D2D communication link 126, which can be adirect link that may not include base station 105, and/or provide QoSfor communications over the communication link 126. Moreover the basestation 105 may be an example of the base stations described in thepresent disclosure (e.g., eNB, gNB, other types of access points, etc.providing one or more macrocells, small cells, etc.) that may beconfigured to configure the one or more UEs 115-a, 115-b with QoSparameters for communicating with one another and/or for otherwiseaccessing network 210.

In an aspect, the UE 115-b in FIG. 4 may include one or more processors405 and/or memory 402 that may operate in combination with a reflectiveQoS component 440 to perform the functions, methods (e.g., method 700 ofFIG. 7), etc., presented in the present disclosure. In one example, agiven UE can include components of UE 115-a shown and described withrespect to FIGS. 3 and 4. In accordance with the present disclosure, thereflective QoS component 440 may include one or more components forproviding a QoS to communications between the UE 115-b and another UE(e.g., UE 115-a), such as an indicator detecting component 442 fordetecting a reflective QoS indicator received from the other UE 115-afor determining QoS parameters to apply in communicating with the UE115-a, and/or an optional congestion detecting component 444 fordetecting one or more parameters related to a congestion condition atthe UE 115-b, which may result in lowering a QoS.

The one or more processors 405 may include a modem 420 that uses one ormore modem processors. The various functions related to the reflectiveQoS component 440, and/or its sub-components, may be included in modem420 and/or processor 405 and, in an aspect, can be executed by a singleprocessor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions maybe executed by a combination of two or more different processors. Forexample, in an aspect, the one or more processors 405 may include anyone or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, ora digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a transceiverprocessor associated with transceiver 470, or a system-on-chip (SoC). Inparticular, the one or more processors 405 may execute functions andcomponents included in the reflective QoS component 440. In anotherexample, reflective QoS component 440 may operate at one or morecommunication layers, such as physical layer or L1, MAC layer or L2, aPDCP/RLC layer or L3, etc., to receive and/or apply a QoS configurationto communications, detect a QoS level and/or a reflective indicator,etc.

In some examples, the reflective QoS component 440 and each of thesub-components may comprise hardware, firmware, and/or software and maybe configured to execute code or perform instructions stored in a memory(e.g., a computer-readable storage medium, such as memory 402 discussedbelow). Moreover, in an aspect, the UE 115-b in FIG. 4 may include an RFfront end 490 and transceiver 470 for receiving and transmitting radiotransmissions to, for example, UE 115-a and/or base stations 105. Thetransceiver 470 may coordinate with the modem 420 to receive signalsthat include packets (e.g., and/or one or more related PDUs). RF frontend 490 may be connected to one or more antennas 473 and can include oneor more switches 492, one or more amplifiers (e.g., PAs 494 and/or LNAs491), and one or more filters 493 for transmitting and receiving RFsignals on uplink channels and downlink channels. In an aspect, thecomponents of the RF front end 490 can connect with transceiver 470. Thetransceiver 470 may connect to one or more of modem 420 and processors405.

The transceiver 470 may be configured to transmit (e.g., via transmitter(TX) radio 475) and receive (e.g., via receiver (RX) radio 480) wirelesssignals through antennas 473 via the RF front end 490. In an aspect, thetransceiver 470 may be tuned to operate at specified frequencies suchthat the UE 115-b can communicate with, for example, UE 115-a and/orbase stations 105. In an aspect, for example, the modem 420 canconfigure the transceiver 470 to operate at a specified frequency andpower level based on the configuration of the UE 115-b and communicationprotocol used by the modem 420.

The UE 115-b in FIG. 4 may further include a memory 402, such as forstoring data used herein and/or local versions of applications orreflective QoS component 440 and/or one or more of its sub-componentsbeing executed by processor 405. Memory 402 can include any type ofcomputer-readable medium usable by a computer or processor 405, such asRAM, ROM, tapes, magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory,non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In an aspect, forexample, memory 402 may be a computer-readable storage medium thatstores one or more computer-executable codes defining reflective QoScomponent 440 and/or one or more of its sub-components. Additionally oralternatively, the UE 115-b may include a bus 411 for coupling one ormore of the RF front end 490, the transceiver 474, the memory 402, orthe processor 405, and to exchange signaling information between each ofthe components and/or sub-components of the UE 115-b.

In an aspect, the processor(s) 405 may correspond to one or more of theprocessors described in connection with the UE in FIG. 10. Similarly,the memory 402 may correspond to the memory described in connection withthe UE in FIG. 10.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method 500 forapplying (e.g., by a UE 115-a) QoS for transmitting communications toone or more other UEs.

In method 500, optionally at Block 502, a QoS policy can be receivedfrom a network. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., in conjunctionwith processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can receivethe QoS policy from the network. For example, QoS component 340 canreceive the QoS policy from the network via base station 105 (e.g.,which can configure the QoS policy via QoS configuring component 240),from one or more other UEs (e.g., in D2D or V2X communications), from aV2X Application Server via any available connection, and/or the like.For example, the QoS policy may indicate one or more parameters fordetermining whether to use a first or second RAT (e.g., and/orassociated QoS values) in transmitting one or more packets from one ormore applications, as described further below. For example, the QoSpolicy may indicate parameters related to determining whether to use afirst or second RAT, such as whether to use the first or second RATbased on a provider service identifier (PSID) of the application thatgenerated the packet, based on one or more parameters related to a loadat the UE 115-a (e.g., related to the first or second RAT), based on oneor more ranging or power parameters (e.g., Tx power level requirements,or distance requirements) at the UE 115-a, etc.

For example, the QoS policy may be configured by the base station 105based on one or more parameters regarding the subscription of the UE115-a (e.g., a service level of the subscription), a location of the UE115-a, etc. In this regard, for example, the base station 105 (e.g., viaQoS configuring component 240), or a V2X Control Function, or a V2XApplication Server, or one or more other core network components canconfigure the QoS policy for the UE 115-a by using an open mobilealliance (OMA) device management (DM) mechanism, policy control andcharging (PCC) framework, system information block (SIB) broadcast,dedicated signaling over a radio layer (e.g., radio resource control(RRC) signaling), and/or the like.

In method 500, at Block 504, a packet generated for a first RATincluding a first QoS value associated with the first RAT can beobtained from an application. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., inconjunction with processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc.,can obtain, from the application, the packet generated for the first RATincluding the first QoS value associated with the first RAT. Forexample, the application can be executing via processor 305 for causingthe UE 115-a to communicate with the one or more other UEs 115-b usingbroadcast communications (which may correspond to D2D or V2Xcommunications). In addition, the UE 115-a can be configured to transmitbroadcast communications over multiple RATs, such as 5G NR, LTE, etc.,and/or may be configured to do so by a base station 105. For example,the UE 115-a can be configured, for each RAT, with one or more bearers(or flows) for transmitting the broadcast communications, which mayinclude configuring the one or more bearers with each of one or more UEsin V2X communications to achieve a specified QoS corresponding to therelated application. For example, the QoS may be associated withachieving a certain bit rate, error rate, etc., as described below, maycorrespond to best efforts traffic, and/or the like. In this example,the packet received from the application may be associated with thefirst QoS value, which may allow the QoS component 340 to select theappropriate bearer (or flow), according to RAT and QoS, for transmittingthe packet to achieve the QoS.

In method 500, at Block 506, it can be determined to transmit the packetusing a second RAT. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., inconjunction with processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc.,can determine to transmit the packet using the second RAT, e.g.,alternatively or in addition to using the first RAT. In one example, QoScomponent 340 can determine to transmit the packet using the second RATbased on one or more parameters, such as a PSID of the application thatgenerated the packet, a local policy of the UE 115-a (e.g., storedpolicy stored in memory 302 and/or a QoS policy configured by a basestation 105 or a V2X Control Function or a V2X Application Server, asdescribed), one or more parameters related to a load at the UE 115-a(e.g., related to the first or second RAT), one or more ranging or powerparameters (e.g., requirements) at the UE 115-a, etc. In one example,the QoS component 340 can compare values of the one or more parametersto one or more respective thresholds in determining to transmit thepacket using the second RAT (e.g., where PSID of the application is acertain value, where the load at the UE 115-a related to the first RATachieves a threshold, etc.). In any case, however, the RATs may utilizedifferent QoS values, and indeed may support QoS values having differentgranularities.

For example, QoS for LTE V2X communications are based on D2D PPPP wherea per packet priority is indicated by the application layer. PPPP haseight possible QoS values that can indicate corresponding prioritytreatments of packet across all applications executing on theapplications. In addition, PPPP may be used to derive a delayrequirement of the packet. QoS for NR V2X communications, however, canutilize more QoS parameters for handling NR specifications, includingreliability/error rate considerations, delay, etc. For example, QoS forNR V2X communications may include values for multiple differentscenarios and possible degrees of automation, such as the following:

Max Min Tx end-to- required Communication rate end Data communicationscenario description Payload (Message/ latency Reliability rate rangeScenario Degree Req # (Bytes) Sec) (ms) (%) (Mbps) (meters) Sensor Lower[R.5.4- [1600] 10 100 99 1000 information degree of 001] sharingautomation between Higher [R.5.4- 10 95 [25] UEs degree of 002] (NOTEsupporting automation 1) V2X [R.5.4- 3 99.999 [50] 200 application 003][R.5.4- 10 99.99 [25] 500 004] [R.5.4- 50 99 [10] 1000 005] [R.5.4- 1099.99 1000 50 006] (NOTE 2) Video Lower [R.5.4- [50] 90 [10] [100]sharing degree of 007] between automation UEs Higher [R.5.4- [10] 99.99[700] [500] supporting degree of 008] V2X automation application NOTE 1:This is peak data rate. NOTE 2: This is for imminent collision scenario.Thus, QoS for NR V2X communications may use an extended model of perpacket QoS indicators (also referred to as 5G QoS identifier “5QI” or NRV2X per packet QoS index “NVPQI”). In one example, 5QI values may beused to indicate multiple parameters, including allocation and retentionpolicy (ARP), reflective QoS attribute (RQA), notification channel, flowbit rate (e.g., guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR), maximum flow bit rate(MFBR), etc.), aggregate bit rate (e.g., per UE or session), maximumpacket loss rate (PLR), payload size, rate of the packet generation,maximum end to end latency requirement, reliability requirement,communication range requirement, etc.

Based on the difference in QoS identifier or index space between theRATs, method 500 can include, at Block 508, mapping, based ondetermining to transmit the packet using the second RAT, the first QoSvalue to a second QoS value associated with the second RAT. In anaspect, QoS determining component 344, e.g., in conjunction withprocessor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, QoS component 340, etc.,can map, based on determining to transmit the packet using the secondRAT, the first QoS value to the second QoS value associated with thesecond RAT. For example, QoS determining component 344 may configure amapping between QoS values of the first and second RATs, which may bestored in memory 302. In one example, a base station 105 may configurethe UE 115-a with the mapping and/or the UE 115-a can otherwise obtainthe mapping from network 210, etc. In any case, QoS determiningcomponent 344 can determine the second QoS value for the second RAT thatmaps to the first QoS value for the first RAT indicated in the packetbased on the mapping.

Method 500 can also include, at Block 510, indicating the second QoSvalue in the packet. In an aspect, QoS indicating component 342, e.g.,in conjunction with processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, QoScomponent 340, etc., can indicate the second QoS value in the packet.For example, QoS determining component 344 may modify the QoS valueindicated in the packet from a format of the first QoS value to adifferent format of the second QoS value to ensure the packet istransmitted on the appropriate bearer (or flow) of the second RAT. In anexample, mapping and indicating the second QoS value can be performed ata NAS layer before transmitting the packet using access stratum (AS)layers/protocols.

Method 500 can also include, at Block 512, transmitting, using thesecond RAT, the packet with the second QoS value to one or more devices.In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., in conjunction with processor(s)305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can transmit, using the secondRAT, the packet with the second QoS value to the one or more devices(e.g., UE 115-b). For instance, in this example, QoS component 340 canselect the appropriate bearer (or flow) corresponding to the second RATand the second QoS value to provide, over the second RAT, a same orsimilar QoS as that corresponding to the first QoS value. A specificexample is illustrated in FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a protocol stack 800 for V2Xcommunications at a UE (e.g., UE 115-a). For example, protocol stack 800can include a V2X application layer 802 for executing one or moreapplications that can generate packets for transmission using V2Xcommunications, a V2X NAS layer 804 that can manage bearers or flows fortransmitting the packets according to a QoS, and/or a V2X AS layer 806that can segment the packets for transmission over a network connection.In this example, V2X application layer 802 can execute a legacyapplication and an NR application, which can generate packets withassociated PPPP and 5QI QoS values, respectively. The packets can beprovided to the V2X NAS layer 804, via an application programminginterface (API), for transmission to another device.

In an example, V2X NAS layer 804 can determine to transmit (e.g.,broadcast) some packets from the legacy application using the NR RAT, asindicted at 808, and/or to transmit (e.g., broadcast) some packets fromthe NR application using the legacy RAT, as indicated at 810. Thus, forthe packets indicated at 808, for example, the V2X NAS layer 804 can mapNR QoS values (e.g., 5QI) to legacy QoS values (e.g., PPPP), and/or forpackets indicated at 810, for example, the V2X NAS layer 804 can maplegacy QoS values (e.g., PPPP) to NR QoS values (e.g., 5QI). V2X NASlayer 804 can then provide the packets to V2X AS layer 806 fortransmission over the appropriate bearers/connections, where the packetscan indicate the mapped QoS values and/or can be transmitted accordingto the mapped QoS values to achieve the corresponding QoS.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method 600 forapplying (e.g., by a UE 115-a) QoS for transmitting communications toone or more other UEs.

In method 600, optionally at Block 602, a QoS policy can be receivedfrom a network. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., in conjunctionwith processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can receivethe QoS policy from the network via base station 105 (e.g., which canconfigure the QoS policy via QoS configuring component 240), from one ormore other UEs (e.g., in V2X communications), and/or the like. Forexample, the QoS policy may indicate one or more parameters regardingwhether to indicate a reflective QoS configuration to one or more UEs incommunicating therewith. For example, the one or more parameters maycorrespond to an identifier of the one or more UEs, a service level ofthe one or more UEs, etc., such to enable the UE 115-a to determinewhether or not to indicate the reflective QoS configuration whencommunicating with the one or more UEs. For example, the QoS component340 can determine to indicate a reflective QoS configuration to certainUEs having certain identifiers and/or service levels. In addition, theQoS policy may include an initial QoS configuration for the UE 115-a touse in communicating with one or more other UEs, such as a certain CA,QAM, etc. The QoS policy/configuration may be received from the basestation 105 via OMA-DM, PCC framework, etc. to determine the initial QoSconfiguration. In addition, the configuration may relate to a specificPSID, etc.

In method 600, at Block 604, a first packet generated for a RAT andincluding a QoS value associated with the RAT can be obtained from anapplication. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., in conjunction withprocessor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can obtain, fromthe application, the first packet generated for the RAT and includingthe QoS value associated with the RAT. For example, the QoS value canindicate a desired QoS for the application, which can be used by the QoScomponent 340 (e.g., operating as a NAS layer) in receiving the packetfrom the application to determine a bearer (which can include a flow)over which to transmit the packet to one or more other UEs (e.g., in aunicast or multicast transmission).

In an example, a unicast transmission in this regard may have associatedfeedback (e.g., at a transport layer, e.g., transmission controlprotocol (TCP) acknowledgement (ACK), at an application layer, e.g.,real-time transport protocol (RTP) control protocol (RTCP) for RTPstreams, etc.). In addition, multicast for a group may expect groupmembers to send and receive traffic from other group members. Thus, avirtual link can exist between UEs in this example. Accordingly, acertain QoS can apply to such a link between UEs and/or there may bemultiple links between the same pair of UEs that can have separate QoS(e.g., depending on QoS requirements), such as in a bearer/QoS flowconfiguration. In addition, for example, the different UEs may havedifferent capabilities, e.g., carrier aggregation (CA), different levelsof quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), such as 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.,transmission diversity (TxDiv), packet duplication, etc., which may beused in communicating with one another. Thus, UE 115-a may establish theQoS flows that exploit the different functionalities and/or differentlevels of QoS, which may include different flows for different UE pairs.Similar concepts can be handled similarly for multicast, but for a groupof UEs (e.g., instead of a UE pair, as described). V2X interfaces, suchas PC5 however, may not have RRC or NAS layer signaling control such tofacilitate indicating of QoS capabilities between UEs. Accordingly, asdescribed herein, reflective QoS can be adapted for V2X communications(e.g., for PC5 interface). Reflective QoS can allow a receiving UE todetermine or know how to apply QoS to outgoing traffic based on a QoSconfiguration indicated for received traffic). For example, a first UEtransmitting the traffic can include a reflective QoS indicator and/orone or more associated QoS parameters, and the second UE receiving thetraffic can use the QoS indicator to determine whether to use the one ormore associated QoS parameters in transmitting response traffic to thefirst UE, as described further herein.

In method 600, at Block 606, a reflective indicator can be set in aheader of the first packet to indicate a configuration to be used by thereceiving device in transmitting a second packet. In an aspect,reflective QoS indicating component 346, e.g., in conjunction withprocessor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can set thereflective indicator in the header of the first packet to indicate theconfiguration to be used by the receiving device in transmitting thesecond packet. For example, reflective QoS indicating component 346 canset the reflective indicator to indicate that the receiving device is touse the same QoS configuration as the UE 115-a in transmitting responsepackets (e.g., feedback, data, etc.) back to the UE 115-a, which mayinclude using the same link, bearer, or flow. In an example, theconfiguration can also include one or more AS layer parameters, such asa CA configuration, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), TxDiv, etc. tobe used by the receiving UE in transmitting back to the UE 115-a. Inaddition, in an example, the QoS configuration can be indicated in theheader of the first packet or another portion of the first packet orrelated communications, where the QoS configuration may include orotherwise indicate a QoS value for the first packet. Moreover, asdescribed, UE 115-a can receive the configuration in provisioning fromthe base station 105 (as described above).

In one specific example, reflective QoS indicating component 346 canindicate the reflective QoS indicator in a service data adaptationprotocol (SDAP) header. For example, reflective QoS indicating component346 can indicate the reflective QoS indicator in bit of a first octet ofthe SDAP header, and a QFI, which may carry a V2X 5QI value, in theremaining bits of the first octet. In addition, in Mode 3, the UE 115-acan initiate the D2D communication link 126 with UE 115-b with a QoSsetting indicating the QoS based on radio access network (RAN)configuration received from the base station 105, as described above.For example, Mode 3 can be defined by a V2X communication protocol tofacilitate sidelink communications among V2X devices.

In method 600, at Block 608, the first packet can be transmitted to thereceiving device. In an aspect, QoS component 340, e.g., in conjunctionwith processor(s) 305, memory 302, transceiver 370, etc., can transmitthe first packet to the receiving device (e.g., UE 115-b). For example,QoS component 340 can transmit the first packet based on the QoSconfiguration and with the reflective QoS indicator indicated in theheader of the first packet. For example, QoS component 340 can providethe first packet to an AS layer component for segmenting and/ortransmitting using one or more lower layers (e.g., a MAC layer, PHYlayer, etc.).

In method 600, optionally at Block 610, the second packet can bereceived from the receiving device transmitted based on the QoS valuefrom the first packet. In an aspect, transceiver 370, e.g., inconjunction with processor(s) 305, memory 302, etc., can receive thesecond packet from the receiving device (e.g., UE 115-b), as describedin further detail below, as transmitted based on the QoS value from thefirst packet. As described, this can include transceiver 370 receivingthe second packet over a same bearer or flow over which the first packetis transmitted to the UE 115-b.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of an example of a method 700 forapplying (e.g., by a UE 115-b) QoS for transmitting communications toone or more other UEs.

In method 700, at Block 702, a first packet generated for a RAT andincluding a QoS value associated with the RAT can be received from atransmitting device. In an aspect, reflective QoS component 440, e.g.,in conjunction with processor(s) 405, memory 402, transceiver 470, etc.,can receive, from the transmitting device (e.g., UE 115-a), the firstpacket generated for the RAT and including the QoS value associated withthe RAT. For example, reflective QoS component 440 can receive thepacket over a bearer or flow established with the UE 115-a, which mayhave a QoS associated with an application that generated the packet. Inan example, the packet, as described, can include the QoS value (e.g.,as part of a QoS configuration) indicated in the packet, a packet header(e.g., SDAP header), etc., as described, where the QoS value canindicate a QoS used in transmitting the packet to the UE 115-b.

In method 700, at Block 704, a reflective indicator can be detected in aheader of the first packet to indicate a configuration, including theQoS value, to be used in transmitting a second packet. In an aspect,indicator detecting component 442, e.g., in conjunction withprocessor(s) 405, memory 402, transceiver 470, reflective QoS component440, etc., can detect the reflective indicator in the header of thefirst packet to indicate the configuration, including the QoS value, tobe used in transmitting the second packet. For example, the reflectiveindicator may be in an SDAP header (e.g., one or more bits of a firstoctet, as described), and indicator detecting component 442 can detectthe indicator based on the one or more bits. The reflective indicatormay indicate to use a QoS configuration related to the first packet incommunicating the second packet. For example, the second packet may befeedback (e.g., HARQ feedback, such as ACK/NACK) or other response tothe first packet. In addition, the QoS configuration may be indicated inthe first packet or otherwise discernable based on one or moreparameters related to the first packet (e.g., a flow over which thefirst packet is received, a QoS value indicated in the packet—such as a5QI in remaining bits in the first octet—etc.). In addition, the QoSconfigurations may also contain radio layer transmission configuration,e.g. CA configuration, MCS, TxDiv settings, etc., which could be derivedfrom radio layer headers or the provided by receiving module.

In method 700, at Block 706, the second packet can be transmitted to thetransmitting device based on detecting the reflective indicator andaccording to the QoS value. In an aspect, reflective QoS component 440,e.g., in conjunction with processor(s) 405, memory 402, transceiver 470,etc., can transmit, based on detecting the reflective indicator andaccording to the QoS value, the second packet to the transmittingdevice. For example, reflective QoS component 440 can transmit thesecond packet back to UE 115-a (e.g., in response to the first packet),and may do so with a QoS based on the reflective indicator and/or one ormore QoS parameters indicated by the header of the received packet. Inthis regard, UE 115-b can provide QoS for the second packet withoutbeing configured with QoS parameters via a network configuration and/orthe like. In one example, the QoS configuration may also indicate one ormore AS layer parameters for transmitting the second packet, such as CAconfiguration, MCS, TxDiv, etc., which the reflective QoS component 440can utilize in transmitting the second packet to the UE 115-a.

In one example, transmitting the second packet at Block 706 mayoptionally include, at Block 708, detecting a congestion condition, andat Block 709, lowering the QoS value based on detecting the congestioncondition. In an aspect, congestion detecting component 444, e.g., inconjunction with processor(s) 405, memory 402, transceiver 470,reflective QoS component 440, etc., can detect the congestion condition,and can accordingly lower the QoS value based on detecting thecongestion condition. For example, detecting the congestion conditioncan include congestion detecting component 444 determining thatparameters of the QoS configuration may not be fulfilled due to somemeasure of channel congestion (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),channel load, etc.). In this example, congestion detecting component 444can accordingly lower the QoS configuration to support transmitting thesecond packet to ensure transmission thereof. In addition, for example,lowering the QoS value can include decreasing an index associated with aset of QoS configurations such that the provided QoS is lower than thatindicated by the QoS configuration related to receiving the firstpacket. For example, a lower QoS can be based on a configurationassociated with a lower modulation and coding scheme or other parametersthat may result in a lower achievable throughput.

In method 700, optionally at Block 710, a local policy can be created indetermining one or more packets to transmit based on the configuration.In an aspect, reflective QoS component 440, e.g., in conjunction withprocessor(s) 405, memory 402, transceiver 470, etc., can create thelocal policy in determining the one or more packets to transmit based onthe configuration. For example, reflective QoS component 440 can createthe local policy and/or corresponding filters in deciding which packetscan be transmitted using the same QoS configuration, such as packetswith the same PSID as the first packet, with the same layer 2 identifier(e.g., for UE 115-a and/or UE 115-b) as the first packet, with the sameV2X 5QI indicator, PPPP settings, etc. as the first packet, etc. In thisregard, reflective QoS component 440 can transmit subsequent packetssatisfying policy parameters using the same QoS configuration. Aspecific example is illustrated in FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a protocol stack 900 for V2Xcommunications at a UE (e.g., UE 115-a). For example, protocol stack 900can include a V2X application layer 802 for executing one or moreapplications that can generate packets for transmission, a V2X NAS layer804 that can manage bearers or flows for transmitting the packetsaccording to a QoS, and/or a V2X AS layer 806 that can segment thepackets for transmission over a network connection, as described inconnection with FIG. 8. In this example, V2X application layer 802 canexecute an NR application, which can generate packets with 5QIparameters, such as a 5QI PSID and/or related QoS configuration. V2Xapplication layer 802 can provide the packets to V2X NAS layer 804(e.g., via an API). V2X NAS layer 804 can determine one or more QoSparameters for applying to the packet based on the 5QI parametersindicated by the application, which can include selecting a flow overwhich to transmit the packet. In addition, as described above, V2X NASlayer 804 can determine one or more QoS configuration parameters toindicate in the packet (e.g., in a SDAP header) including a reflectiveQoS parameter, and/or 5QI parameters, AS layer parameters, etc. V2X NASlayer 804 can provide the packet to the V2X AS layer 806 for applyingone or more AS parameters, such as CA configuration, QAM, TxDiv, etc.,and transmitting the packets using an NR radio technology at a MAClayer, PHY layer, etc.

The receiving UE (e.g., UE 115-b) can receive the NR radio transmission,formulate a corresponding packet at the V2X AS layer 806 for providingto upper layers. The V2X AS layer 806 may determine one or moreconfiguration parameters for the AS layer to use in transmitting aresponse packet, including CA configuration, MCS, TxDiv, etc., and maystore the parameters in an AS configuration corresponding to a profileidentifier from the SDAP. V2X AS layer 806 can provide the packet to V2XNAS layer 804, which can determine QoS configuration parameters from thepacket for use in transmitting a response packet, such as a reflectiveQoS indicator, as described, one or more 5QI parameters, and/or otherparameters from which QoS for the received packet can be determined. Forexample, V2X NAS layer 804 can store the QoS configuration based on thereflective QoS indicator (e.g., along with one or more parameters foridentifying response packets, such as the PSID). When the V2X NAS layer804 at the UE 115-b receives packets from the V2X application layer 802for transmitting, it can determine whether the packet relates to thesame PSID as the received packet (or otherwise determine the packet is aresponse packet), and can accordingly apply the associated QoS. Forexample, V2X NAS layer 804 at the UE 115-b can indicate a QoSconfiguration or one or more parameters (e.g., PSID, 5QI, etc.) forapplying QoS to the V2X AS layer 806, and the V2X AS layer 806 canaccordingly apply the QoS (and/or related AS parameters that may havebeen stored in the AS configuration for the profile identifier, asdescribed above) in transmitting the resource packet back to UE 115-a.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system 1000 includinga base station 105 and a UE 115. The MIMO communication system 1000 mayillustrate aspects of the wireless communication system 100 describedwith reference to FIG. 1. The base station 105 may be an example ofaspects of the base station 105 described with reference to FIGS. 1-4.The base station 105 may be equipped with antennas 1034 and 1035, andthe UE 115 may be equipped with antennas 1052 and 1053. In the MIMOcommunication system 1000, the base station 105 may be able to send dataover multiple communication links at the same time. Each communicationlink may be called a “layer” and the “rank” of the communication linkmay indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example,in a 2×2 MIMO communication system where base station 105 transmits two“layers,” the rank of the communication link between the base station105 and the UE 115 is two.

At the base station 105, a transmit (Tx) processor 1020 may receive datafrom a data source. The transmit processor 1020 may process the data.The transmit processor 1020 may also generate control symbols orreference symbols. A transmit MIMO processor 1030 may perform spatialprocessing (e.g., precoding) on data symbols, control symbols, orreference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streamsto the transmit modulator/demodulators 1032 and 1033. Eachmodulator/demodulator 1032 through 1033 may process a respective outputsymbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream.Each modulator/demodulator 1032 through 1033 may further process (e.g.,convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output samplestream to obtain a DL signal. In one example, DL signals frommodulator/demodulators 1032 and 1033 may be transmitted via the antennas1034 and 1035, respectively.

The UE 115 may be an example of aspects of the UEs 115-a, 115-bdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1-4. At the UE 115, the UE antennas1052 and 1053 may receive the DL signals from the base station 105 andmay provide the received signals to the modulator/demodulators 1054 and1055, respectively. Each modulator/demodulator 1054 through 1055 maycondition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) arespective received signal to obtain input samples. Eachmodulator/demodulator 1054 through 1055 may further process the inputsamples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMOdetector 1056 may obtain received symbols from themodulator/demodulators 1054 and 1055, perform MIMO detection on thereceived symbols, if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive(Rx) processor 1058 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, anddecode) the detected symbols, providing decoded data for the UE 115 to adata output, and provide decoded control information to a processor1080, or memory 1082.

The processor 1080 may in some cases execute stored instructions toinstantiate a QoS component 340 (see e.g., FIGS. 1 and 3) or areflective QoS component 440 (see e.g., FIGS. 1 and 4).

On the uplink (UL), at the UE 115, a transmit processor 1064 may receiveand process data from a data source. The transmit processor 1064 mayalso generate reference symbols for a reference signal. The symbols fromthe transmit processor 1064 may be precoded by a transmit MIMO processor1066 if applicable, further processed by the modulator/demodulators 1054and 1055 (e.g., for SC-FDMA, etc.), and be transmitted to the basestation 105 in accordance with the communication parameters receivedfrom the base station 105. At the base station 105, the UL signals fromthe UE 115 may be received by the antennas 1034 and 1035, processed bythe modulator/demodulators 1032 and 1033, detected by a MIMO detector1036 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 1038.The receive processor 1038 may provide decoded data to a data output andto the processor 1040 or memory 1042.

The processor 1040 may in some cases execute stored instructions toinstantiate a QoS configuring component 240 (see e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2).

The components of the UE 115 may, individually or collectively, beimplemented with one or more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of theapplicable functions in hardware. Each of the noted modules may be ameans for performing one or more functions related to operation of theMIMO communication system 1000. Similarly, the components of the basestation 105 may, individually or collectively, be implemented with oneor more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functionsin hardware. Each of the noted components may be a means for performingone or more functions related to operation of the MIMO communicationsystem 1000.

The above detailed description set forth above in connection with theappended drawings describes examples and does not represent the onlyexamples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of theclaims. The term “example,” when used in this description, means“serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred”or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of thedescribed techniques. These techniques, however, may be practicedwithout these specific details. In some instances, well-known structuresand apparatuses are shown in block diagram form in order to avoidobscuring the concepts of the described examples.

Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the above description may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, computer-executable code or instructionsstored on a computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connectionwith the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with aspecially-programmed device, such as but not limited to a processor, adigital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a FPGA or other programmablelogic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardwarecomponent, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. A specially-programmed processor may be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be anyconventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Aspecially-programmed processor may also be implemented as a combinationof computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor,multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunctionwith a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on anon-transitory computer-readable medium. Other examples andimplementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure andappended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functionsdescribed above can be implemented using software executed by aspecially programmed processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as usedin a list of items prefaced by “at least one of” indicates a disjunctivelist such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C”means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of acomputer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be anyavailable medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation,computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desiredprogram code means in the form of instructions or data structures andthat can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer,or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connectionis properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if thesoftware is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote sourceusing a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digitalsubscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio,and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproducedata magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Combinations of the above are also included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable aperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the common principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scopeof the disclosure. Furthermore, although elements of the describedaspects and/or embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular,the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular isexplicitly stated. Additionally, all or a portion of any aspect and/orembodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other aspectand/or embodiment, unless stated otherwise. Thus, the disclosure is notto be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for indicating per-packet quality ofservice (QoS) in wireless communications device, comprising: obtaining,at the wireless communications device, a packet from an applicationgenerated for a first radio access technology (RAT), wherein the packetincludes a first QoS value associated with the first RAT and wherein thepacket is intended for one or more other devices; determining totransmit the packet to the one or more other devices using a second RAT;mapping, based on determining to transmit the packet using the secondRAT, the first QoS value to a second QoS value associated with thesecond RAT; indicating the second QoS value in the packet; andtransmitting, using the second RAT, the packet with the second QoS valuefrom the wireless communications device to the one or more otherdevices.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining to transmit thepacket using the second RAT is based at least in part on at least one ofan identifier related to the application, a stored policy forbroadcasting packets, a current load of the first RAT or the second RAT,or a transmit power requirement.
 3. The method of claim 2, furthercomprising receiving the stored policy from a network based at least inpart on at least one of a subscription of the wireless communicationsdevice, a location of the wireless communications device, or a networkconfiguration.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein receiving the storedpolicy comprises receiving the stored policy via at least one ofprovisioning using open mobile alliance (OMA) device management (DM), apolicy control and charging (PCC) framework, a system information block(SIB) broadcast by the network, or dedicated radio layer signaling fromthe network.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second QoS value isselected from a second set of QoS values that is larger than a first setof QoS values related to the first QoS value.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the first RAT is long term evolution (LTE), and the second RATis a new radio (NR) RAT.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping thefirst QoS value to the second QoS value is performed at a non-accessstratum layer.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first QoS valuecomprises a ProSe Per Packet Priority (PPPP), and the second QoS valuecomprises a 5G QoS identifier (5QI).
 9. The method of claim 1, whereineither the first QoS value or the second QoS value comprises a ProSe PerPacket Priority (PPPP).
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein either thefirst QoS value or the second QoS value comprises a 5G QoS identifier(5QI).
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the 5QI indicates a payloadsize, a rate of the packet generation, a maximum end to end latencyrequirement, a reliability requirement, a communication rangerequirement, or some combination thereof.
 12. An apparatus forcommunicating in wireless communications, comprising: a transceiver forcommunicating one or more wireless signals via at least a transmitterand one or more antennas; a memory configured to store instructions; andone or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver andthe memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: obtaina packet from an application generated for a first radio accesstechnology (RAT), wherein the packet includes a first quality-of-service(QoS) value associated with the first RAT and wherein the packet isintended for one or more other devices; determine to transmit the packetto the one or more other devices using a second RAT; map, based ondetermining to transmit the packet using the second RAT, the first QoSvalue to a second QoS value associated with the second RAT; indicate thesecond QoS value in the packet; and transmit, using the second RAT, thepacket with the second QoS value to the one or more other devices. 13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors areconfigured to determine to transmit the packet using the second RATbased at least in part on at least one of an identifier related to theapplication, a stored policy for broadcasting packets, a current load ofthe first RAT or the second RAT, or a transmit power requirement. 14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors arefurther configured to receive the stored policy from a network based atleast in part on at least one of a subscription of the apparatus, alocation of the apparatus, or a network configuration.
 15. The apparatusof claim 13, wherein the second QoS value is selected from a second setof QoS values that is larger than a first set of QoS values related tothe first QoS value.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the firstRAT is a long term evolution (LTE), and the second RAT is a new radio(NR) RAT.
 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or moreprocessors are configured to map the first QoS value to the second QoSvalue at a non-access stratum layer.
 18. The apparatus of claim 13,wherein the first QoS value comprises a ProSe Per Packet Priority(PPPP), and the second QoS value comprises a 5G QoS identifier (5QI).19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein either the first QoS value or thesecond QoS value comprises a ProSe Per Packet Priority (PPPP).
 20. Theapparatus of claim 13, wherein either the first QoS value or the secondQoS value comprises a 5G QoS identifier (5QI).